Funding:*This work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams has commenced operation for production of rare isotope beams. A large suite of beam diagnostics and instrumentation have been developed and commissioned for the FRIB linac, target, and fragment separator systems. This talk will present the status of diagnostic systems to support current beam commissioning activities and experimental support for rare isotope production. We will review the performance of specific diagnostic systems used for position, intensity, beam distribution, and beam loss measurements. The initial performance of target and fragment separator diagnostics will be discussed. Aspects of the machine protection system and global timing system to support flexible, high power operation are presented. Finally, development of novel or enhanced techniques in signal processing will be introduced as means to improve overall system performance for various classes of diagnostics.
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N. Milas, M. Akhyani, R.A. Baron, C.S. Derrez, M. Eshraqi, Y. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll, R. Tarkeshian, I. Vojskovic, R.H. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction and initial commissioning in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high power requires production, efficient acceleration, and almost no-loss transport of a high current beam, thus making design and beam commissioning of this machine challenging. During the the commissioning time in 2022 a campaign for a full characterisation of the ESS Medium Beta Transport session (MEBT) was carried out. Both transverse optics and longitudinal parameters were measured and compared to simulation, amongst them: buncher cavity tunning, trasnverse emittance and initial twiss parameters. In this paper we present the results and future plans.
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Novel Approaches for Forecasting of Beam Interruptions in Particle Accelerator
S. Li, A. Adelmann, J. Snuverink
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
The beam interruptions (i.e. interlocks) of particle accelerators, despite being necessary safety measures, lead to abrupt operational changes and a substantial loss of beam time. Novel data-driven time series classification approaches are applied in the High-Intensity Proton Accelerator complex of Paul Scherrer Institut, in order to forecast interlock events thus decrease beam time loss. The forecasting is performed through binary classification of single timestamps as well as windows of multivariate time series, with methods ranging from linear Lasso models based on statistical Two Sample Test, to deep learning model that generates Recurrence Plots followed by Convolutional Neural Network*. The "beam time saved" in any given time interval, a continuous evaluation metric, is established with preliminary experiments showing that interlocks could be circumvented by reducing the beam current. The models have been integrated with EPICS, and the best-performing interlock-to-stable classifier on real-time data potentially increases 5 min beam time per day for the users. * Li S, Zacharias M, Snuverink J, et al. A novel approach for classification and forecasting of time series in particle accelerators[J]. Information, 2021, 12(3): 121.
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S. Nagaitsev, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, G. Stancari
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Funding:The work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Two experiments were carried out to study the statistical properties of undulator radiation in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab. The first experiment studied the turn-to-turn fluctuations in the power of the radiation generated by an electron bunch. The magnitude of these fluctuations depends on the 6D phase-space distribution of the electron bunch. In IOTA, we demonstrated that this effect can be used to measure some electron bunch parameters, small transverse emittances in particular. In the second experiment, a single electron was stored in the ring, emitting a photon only once per several hundred turns. In this regime, any classical interference-related collective effects were eliminated, and the quantum fluctuations could be studied in detail to search for possible deviations from the expected Poissonian photon statistics. In addition, the photocount arrival times were used to track the longitudinal motion of a single electron and to compare it with simulations. This allowed us to determine several dynamical parameters of the storage ring such as the rf cavity phase jitter and the dependence of the synchrotron motion period on amplitude.
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