N. Milas, M. Akhyani, R.A. Baron, C.S. Derrez, M. Eshraqi, Y. Levinsen, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll, R. Tarkeshian, I. Vojskovic, R.H. Zeng
ESS, Lund, Sweden
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction and initial commissioning in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high power requires production, efficient acceleration, and almost no-loss transport of a high current beam, thus making design and beam commissioning of this machine challenging. During the the commissioning time in 2022 a campaign for a full characterisation of the ESS Medium Beta Transport session (MEBT) was carried out. Both transverse optics and longitudinal parameters were measured and compared to simulation, amongst them: buncher cavity tunning, trasnverse emittance and initial twiss parameters. In this paper we present the results and future plans.
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T.J. Shea, R.A. Baron, C.S. Derrez, E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, H. Hassanzadegan, I. Kittelmann, H. Kocevar, N. Milas, D. Noll, H.A. Silva, R. Tarkeshian, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
M. Ferianis
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
T. Papaevangelou, L. Seguí
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
In late 2021 through mid 2022, the first protons were accelerated and transported through the European Spallation Source (ESS) Radio Frequency Quadrupole and Medium Energy Transport line at 3.6 MeV, and finally through the first Drift Tube Linac tank at 21 MeV. To enable these achievements, the following beam instrumentation systems were deployed: Ion Source power supply monitors, beam chopping systems, Faraday Cups, Beam Current Monitors (BCM) and Beam Position Monitors (BPM) that also measured phase. Additional systems were deployed for dedicated studies, including Wire Scanners, a slit and grid Emittance Measurement Unit, neutron Beam Loss Monitors and fast BCM and BPM systems. The instrumentation deployment is the culmination of efforts by a partnership of the ESS beam diagnostics section, multiple ESS groups and institutes across the globe. This paper summarizes the beam tests that characterized the performance of the instrumentation systems and verified the achievement of commissioning goals.
A. Warner, M.R. Austin, L.R. Carmichael, J.-P. Carneiro, B.M. Hanna, E.R. Harms, M.A. Ibrahim, R. Neswold, L.R. Prost, R.A. Rivera, A.V. Shemyakin, J.Y. Wu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Funding:* This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics The PIP2IT accelerator was assembled in multiple stages in 2014 - 2021 to test concepts and components of the future PIP-II linac that is being constructed at Fermilab. In its final configuration, PIP2IT accelerated a 0.55 ms x 20 Hz x 2 mA H− beam to 16 MeV. To protect elements of the beam line, a Machine Protection System (MPS) was implemented and commissioned. The beam was interrupted faster than 10 µs when excessive beam loss was detected. The paper describes the MPS architecture, methods of the loss detection, procedure of the beam interruption, and operational experience at PIP2IT.
N. Milas, G.S. Fedel, A.A. Gorzawski, J.J. Jamróz, J.P.S. Martins
ESS, Lund, Sweden
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction and initial commissioning in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high power requires production, efficient acceleration, and almost no-loss transport of a high current beam, thus making design and beam commissioning of this machine challenging. The commissioning runs of 2021 and early 2022 were the first where the master timing system for the linac was fully available. As a consequence of that, the beam actuators and beam monitoring equipment relied fully on timing events sent accross the machine, not only to be triggered to act but also to get the configuration. In this paper, we describe the timing system as available today, present how we define and create the beam pulses using the available parameters. We also present planned future upgrades and other outlook for the system.
R. Kitamura
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
At J-PARC Linac, bunch shape monitors (BSMs) have been used to measure a longitudinal profile of high power H− beam. Operational principle of the monitor is similar to that of the streak-camera. The BSM inserts a biased-solid target into H− beam to extract and accelerate secondary electrons. These electrons are then modulated with synchronized RF. After passing through dipole B field, a longitudinal profile is converted to a transverse one. For the BSM, a choice of target material is essential to reduce beam loss and to have sufficient tolerance for breakage by the interaction with high power beams. The BSM with graphite target realized the measurement of high-power 3 MeV beam for the first time.
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